LITERATURE vs. DIPLOMACY

 

PROF. WILLIAM HOOKENS

 

I used to wonder why people would be annoyed with me–not the workaday man, but the man-in-power–and I believe I know the answer. As a literary man I could not help speaking the truth–and the whole truth–not realising that it does not pay to speak the truth. And I am reminded of Francis Bacon’s famous essay on Truth beginning with: “What is Truth?” asked Jesting Pilate and would not wait for an answer! And, come to think of Pilate. He cared two straws for Christ and let Barabas be free! And this is what is being done everyday and it pains me that this should be done with such regularity as to make truth-speaking synonymous with lunacy in our country.

 

George Orwell knew the joy of Truth which makes men free his Outspoken Essays (I am sorry the publishers have called them Collected Essays) are worth reading in the paper cover backs recently brought out by Mercury Books, London. Orwell has written a novel called 1984 and though he is dead I believe he is far more alive than some of our writers who are playing tricks with the noble profession of writing, to the extent of letting politicians have their own way and not raising their pens in protest. The P. E. N. to which I belong has for its creed to speak the truth and fight for it and I am happy to belong to the group of people who love to use their voices as much as their pens for the glory of God and Man. Coming again to Orwell, you’ve got to read his novel Burmese Days to know how the English people or Europeans can so deform themselves as to be regular tyrants in the lands where British or Foreign Rule existed. One has to go abroad and see the people for what they are instead of making generalisations on the poor imported rats that we have seen and may be are yet seeing!

 

Another man who has uttered a great many truths both at home and abroad is that genius Bertrand Russell and though I have not met him I feel I love him as I love very few. He has gone through hell for his outspoken views (please read his Outspoken Essays) and even now he has had the misfortune to go counter to public or Government opinion in his country. I remember seeing his photograph and his wife’s on their way to the Lock-up because of his sit-down strikes in London. Bertrand Russell is a pleasant Lloyd George; and you’ve got to see the photographs of the two men together to see that they resemble each other, with this difference: Russell is pleasant, charming, genial and he has eyes open; as for George, well, you can see him for yourself: you know he is a politician all right. In this connexion I remember telling my students when I was taking them in the English classes with Pioneers of the Modern World. I referred my students to the photographs of each of the pioneers, beginning with Napoleon, and having such varied figures as Garibaldi, Madame Curie, Louis Pasteur; and by the look in their eyes you could see who was a man or woman of the world and who the man of the next world: the man of the world looked a ferocious lion and he had to look ferocious or no one would have cowed down to him; the man of the next world looked mild, genial and no one who came to them ever went away sad or dismayed. And yet, we see the uses of these two types in the world of Matter and Spirit!

 

I have known engineers and men of science who have craved for the wealth of literature; and we have examples of men of science and engineering who have taken to the ways of literature because they felt free and saw in themselves the wealth of the Eternal. Their discovery of literature could be likened to the discovery of Chapman’s Homer by Johnny Keats. There are others who kick against the good things of literature and life and they can be compared to Saul of Tarsus. He was a man who saw the idiocy of the things of the spirit and believed in the here and the now. He poked fun at Christianity, seeing it as the religion of the idiots–but then there came a day when he was transformed, resurrected as King Asoka was, and followed the things of the Spirit. All great and lasting memories are those of people who believed in the Truth and fought for it tooth and nail–and whether we call them Lincoln, Gandhi or Kennedy makes no difference because they belong to the Greats. It is only the small frys who make a noise and leave behind a stench and they remind us of disease that is beat eased by death. Longfellow’s Psalm of life reminds us of the really great and we see ourselves as all great by the power of the God Who made us and all things on earth and in heaven. But it is given to a few to rise above the din of environment and find release and greatness–and we are reminded of the unknown Miltons and Hampdens who live and die unhonoured, thanks to the people around who are taken in with the superficial things of life and prefer the pomp and glitter of life, to the great and silent things of the spirit. Great men and women heed no advertisement but small men and women do; and we have a good deal of these small frys making eloquent speeches and discoveries on nothing.  And the man who had fervour and the conviction of his heart to speak the truth was John Bright who spoke of the mockery that people made of Christianity by flocking by the thousands to Churches on Sundays and left the world a desecrated place. And what are our temples and mosques and Churches here but the same: a huge mockery! And we see instances of this mockery in all walks of life, prompted as the people-in-power are by modernism, torn between mediaevelism and industrialisation!

 

One would have thought that with education things would pave the way to a Bright New World, but it is in the field of education that we see the greatest number of rats! And these rats do all they can to stay the progress of education or enlightenment by methods only known to people of devious means. Some call them Machiaevelis–and it is a pity that such men are being elevated to positions of honour when they are doing all they can to crush the power of man as man and reduce him to abject servitude. There was a time when people treated others as slaves on questions of colour or creed, but today we are beginning to have a subtle form of slavery even among our people and we invoke the past for the continuation of slaves or slavery in one form or another. I have seen in Britain a form of education which I believe is no good–and when I wrote Lord Russell about the education in Britain and how I was victimised for doing my duty as a teacher the reply of Lord Russell was a God-send. It showed me that humour and broadmindedness go together and that it is futile to want someone to be great or understanding when he is a dim-wit. But, alas, the standard of the rich is often the standard of Money! And when Money is known to buy anything, including humans who seem to have a price-tag, so to speak, on their necks, the standards of the rich people (Matthew Arnold called them Philistines, seekers of Mammon as they were) are beginning to gain in currency; and we see this in the policy of education as adopted by different people the world over.

 

Whatever be said of the drawbacks of Britain in education, there is no denying the people, including the rulers, a love for the country and traditions and naturally we see Britain progressing and democracy a safe thing in their hands. Where there is a dignity of the human spirit and in labour there is bound to be progress–instead of petty jealousies and backdoor methods to seats of power or responsibility. We have few people of blue blood in our country–but we have a good many whose talents are such as to make them appreciated by humans in any part of the world; and it would be a sorry day, if we cast such people into oblivion through shortsighted policies. But then what is to be done when Godses are in the uppermost and the Gandhis die? Why talk of our philosophy and our scriptures and our holy men and women when we do not allow such people to live and when we do all we can to send them post-haste to the next world? How many of our teachers are even given the elementary requirements or amenities to keep them alive and respected in the neighbourhood? I have seenand so have yougood teachers taken to task because they believed in pulling up the mischievous students in or out of class. For a good teacher there is no high-class student or low-class student; all are the same! And in countries that respect tradition the teacher is regarded as the rock or foundation of life; and only in immature countries teachers are taken to task or reduced to ashes. A good teacher believes in doing his job: of elevating those who come to him and, truth-speaking as he is, he believes in showing the children he teaches the many obstacles to sound living. No teacher worth his salt ever tells lies or seeks the patronage of the rich or the well-to-doonly the quislings do and their numbers, sad to say, are beginning to be on the increase and we should not one day be surprised to see Gresham’s Law operating.

 

I have to thank all those who have made my job as a teacher and writer a pleasant one; and I believe a good teacher is also a good writer; and it is a great pity to see the teacher as one who is eternally teaching another, and not learning anything himself. There are a good many examples of teachers who have stopped learning and begin to teach so monotonously well that is a trial to the teacher as much as the taught. How can one teach when one feels that there’s no sense or fun in teaching? How can our teachers be efficient if they see in their jobs a dead monotony and seek other avenues of employment to supplement their meagre income? How can such teachers bring out the best of those they teach if there is no team-work spirit among the teachers themselves? What has gone So wrong with our education that we have ceased to respect or trust our colleagues? How can students respect teachers when those in authority disrespect them, often in the presence of students?

 

You know how mightily angry Christ was when Temple of the Most High (which schools and colleges are by right of tradition) was being invaded by the moneylenders! What did this Man of Peace do? He took a whip and used it to good effect on those who had made the Temple a Den of Thieves! And, come to think of it, we are beginning to have our Pharisees and Sadducees who love to go to the top seats in temples and pray aloud and beat their breast and make a mockery of religion and God! T. S. Eliot who has a good word for the Ancients, and sees our progress through the lessons of History believes–in Values–in the Sanctity of Truth and in the Human Personality; and his chapter “Tradition and the Individual Talent” is a landmark in literary and cultural criticism. And T. S. Eliot, like Lord Russell, won the Nobel Prize for his contri­bution to humanity–and can we not, in this ancient land of ours, of stupas and pagodas, build for ourselves a cultural wealth by understanding the human spirit and mind–rather than bicker in things that do not matter?

 

Alas! there are those who want to be heard and cry from the house top not for the human good so much as their own good! And the fact that they talk the language of diplomacy or ambiguity to bamboozle others makes the path of Ignorance most steep and where humans are divided by seas and lands of prejudices and illwill nothing good can come to humanity. How can we talk one language when we do not believe in the oneness of humanity? There is, thus, a constant tug-of-war between litterateurs and politicians, between the enlightened folk and the men of darkness and when the two clash, as they are bound to do, there is the hope that good will triumph and the evil will come to roost; and talking of hope brings to mind the hopeless lot that politicians are, seeing as they do their power on this earth–and theirs being the power of the Brute they use it (often with the Brute Majority) to crush the minorities and others.

 

Litterateurs believe in creation–politicians in destruction–and unless our men and women in power the world over see the suicidal policy of their ways there will be no hope for man but Nuclear Warfare, which Lord Russell and all good men and women are fighting against. There is much in the world that needs eradication–Ignorance, Disease, Anti-Social Elements, Poverty–and we need to put our heads together and fight these. The nations of Asia, as much as Africa and Europe, have their problems, but then the more international-minded we are the better it is for us all; we will speak the language of enlightenment and understanding, peace and goodwill and will achieve them. No enemy is greater than doubt; doubts make for limitations; diplomacy!

 

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